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The oceans are losing oxygen due to climate change. Among the largest impacts of oxygen loss may be in altering the behavior of zooplankton, the small animals that play a central role in marine ecosystems: as prey, predators, and carbon-flux mediators. The expansion of low-oxygen zones in deep waters may decrease the depth to which zooplankton migrate on a daily and seasonal basis. This change in their migratory behavior would impact the foraging success of their predators as well as reduce the ability of zooplankton to export carbon out of surface waters. O2ZOOM examines how the migratory behavior of krill, a key zooplankton species, is modified by low oxygen in a fjord habitat, and the ramifications for the global carbon pump, through a combination of novel acoustic observations, incubation experiments, and computational models. In O2ZOOM, I will 1) Investigate behavioral changes in krill in response to low oxygen through laboratory incubation experiments 2) Determine the migratory response of krill to low oxygen in a Norwegian fjord using novel acoustic techniques 3) Quantify the effect of low oxygen-induced behavioral changes in krill on carbon export in an individual-based model. O2ZOOM will produce a nuanced picture of the behavioral responses of krill to low oxygen, which would help disentangle the still-unquantified consequences of low oxygen for ecologically important fjord ecosystems, deep-ocean habitats, and, more broadly, the global carbon pump. Furthermore, through O2ZOOM, I will further develop my technical expertise (e.g. in acoustic tracking, advanced modeling, biogeochemistry analysis), expand my scientific network, and increase the impact of my research, steering my career towards answering big-picture questions on the cutting-edge of interdisciplinary ecology.

Impacts of ocean oxygen loss on zooplankton behavior and the carbon cycle

The southeastern Atlantic hosts the Angola Benguela Upwelling System that supports important fisheries for Angola, Namibia, and South Africa. Every few years this region experiences extreme warm and cold events known as Benguela Niños and Niñas, hereafter Benguela variability. These events have great socio-economic importance for the countries of Southern Africa due to their drastic effects on nutrients and oxygen content along the continental shelf, and thus, the marine ecosystem. However, the impact of climate change on Benguela variability and its consequences for the marine ecosystem and economically relevant fish stocks have not been addressed so far. This is because current Earth system models have large errors in the Angola Benguela area that introduce large uncertainties in future climate projections of Benguela variability. EcoCLimEx seeks to address these limitations by applying a new method, namely the emergent constraint analysis, to reduce uncertainties in climate change projections, but also by quantifying the response of local marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem to future changes in the variability. This will facilitate the quantification of future changes in economically relevant fish stocks in this region. EcoCLimEx will be conducted at Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, under the supervision of leading experts in climate dynamics, marine biogeochemistry and fishery. This unique synergy, in addition to the researcher’s own expertise in observational physical oceanography and Benguela variability, will facilitate a mutually beneficial, two-way transfer of knowledge. Collaborations with relevant stakeholders in Angola and Namibia will ensure the full exploitation of EcoCLimEx’s results.

Ecological repercussions of future changes of marine climate extremes at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic

Using echoSOUNDer data from fishing vessels to TRACK ecosystem impacts of the krill fishery

SOUNDTRACK is a project that combines deep learning methods in acoustic data analysis with field sampling and fisheries science to investigate the ecosystem impacts of the Antarctic krill fishery and to improve its management. Antarctic krill is a key species in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and the target of a growing commercial fishery. Given krill's ecological importance, concerns have been raised about potential negative ecosystem impacts from fishing. Resource-efficient approaches to support fisheries monitoring are particularly valuable in this context due to the high costs associated with data collection in Antarctica. In SOUNDTRACK, we will first develop a segmentation model to extract dives of air-breathing krill predators, such as whales, seals and penguins, from historical acoustic data recorded by krill fishing vessels during their operations. Acoustic data from fishing vessels are under-utilised, but provide a rich archive of observations of krill swarms and vessel interactions with krill predators. Analysing the frequency of vessel-predator interactions, and their temporal and spatial occurrence in relation to krill distribution and predator demand for krill, will provide new perspectives on the ecosystem impacts of the fishery, using cost-effective data and platforms as a co-benefit. We will complement the analysis of the acoustic data by conducting an ecosystem survey at the Antarctic Peninsula in autumn 2027, coinciding with the fishing season in this region. By combining the scientific survey data with acoustic observations from fishing vessels from the same region, their fleet movement patterns, and the life stage composition of the krill caught, this approach will allow us to provide a detailed analysis of ecosystem impacts of the fishery. The implications of our analyses for fishery management will be communicated directly to CCAMLR, the management body for the krill fishery, and the segmentation model will be provided as a new monitoring tool.

The need for effective, cost-efficient conservation practices is greater than ever as we are now facing catastrophic loss of Earth’s biodiversity. Current conservation practices, from sample collection to inspection and monitoring, are typically very labour intensive, costly and time-consuming. Collected data are often inaccurate, incomplete or subject to human bias. However, recent advances in robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have shown a great potential for offering practical tools for conservationists.  Therefore, the aim of WildBotics is to boost ecosystem conservation practices through innovation in robotics, sensors and AI solutions. Autonomous terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial robots will be used as a unifying platform to elevate the ongoing digital revolution of nature conservation practices and integrate leading-edge conservation ecology and computer science.  WildBotics will develop new autonomous long-endurance systems, improve current sensor and software capabilities and combine these advances to create practical solutions for large-scale automated monitoring or collection of samples, thus supporting cutting-edge conservation research. WildBotics will expand current computer vision capabilities in ecology, create practical solutions for monitoring wildlife populations and ecosystems, and offer effective and automated means of gathering and interpreting samples.  These challenges will be solved by 12 PhD candidates hosted in 12 recognized and interdisciplinary organizations. A multifaceted research training programme has been designed to educate a new generation of PhDs and provide them with a unique skill set enabling them to tackle the great challenges we face to mitigate the decline of global biodiversity. WildBotics will raise the level of excellence in doctoral programs and simultaneously enhance the career perspectives of the PhDs in both academia and industry.

Autonomous Sampling with Robotics in the Wild for Nature Conservation

The research planned during this stay will combine advanced analytical chemistry and ecotoxicological approaches to identify and characterize previously unknown PFAS-related compounds, particularly from aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). Structural elucidation of isolated fractions will be performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, while their biological effects will be evaluated through in vivo bioassays. Data obtained will support environmental risk assessment of PFAS and further strengthen the international collaboration between the Institute of Marine Research (Norway) and King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia).

Fate and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Precursors and Alternatives in Norwegian Marine Environments and Seafood Species

Eco Leach - An ecofriendly deep sea mining alternative

PolyMarine-prosjektet har som mål å utvikle nye ingredienser til marine malinger som er tryggere for miljøet. Prosjektet bygger på et rammeverk for trygg og bærekraftig design (SSbD). 

Skip behandles med bunnstoff for å hindre begroing, som øker motstand, drivstoffbruk og CO2-utslipp. Bunnstoffet bidrar også til å hindre spredning av fremmede arter. Moderne maling inneholder ofte syntetiske polymerer for holdbarhet. Når malingen eldes, kan små fragmenter slippes ut og bidra til mikroplastforurensning. 

Med dette som bakteppe ønsker Jotun å utvikle nye metoder og polymerer som brytes ned raskere dersom de havner i det marine miljøet. I PolyMarine samarbeider Jotuns eksperter med forskere fra NTNU, NORCE og SINTEF Ocean, som har kjernekompetanse innen miljøvitenskap, noe som er avgjørende for å vurdere de nye materialenes miljøprestasjon. 

For hver nye polymerkandidat og tilhørende malingsprodukt , vil fragmentering og nedbrytning i havet bli undersøkt ved hjelp av laboratorieeksperimenter i liten og stor skala, og resultatene sammenlignes med konvensjonell referansemaling. Fragmenter i meso-, mikro- og nanoskala, samt molekylære nedbrytningsprodukter, bli karakterisert ved hjelp av ulike analytiske metoder. 

Den biologisk nedbrytbarheten til polymerfragmenter og molekylære nedbrytningsprodukter vil bli vurdert, sammen med effektene på det mikrobielle samfunnet som deltar i nedbrytningsprosessen. For lovende polymerkandidater vil virkninger på mikrobiell økologi  bli undersøkt under simulerte naturlige miljøforhold. Økotoksikologiske tester av virkninger/effekter fragmenter og nedbrytningsprodukter har på representative marine arter vil danne grunnlaget for en toksikologisk miljørisikovurdering.. 

De mest lovende polymerene velges ut basert på ytelse, lav miljøpåvirkning og risiko. Disse malingskandidatene skal produseres i større skala og testes både i lab og i virkelige miljøer.

The PolyMarine project aims to develop novel degradable polymers for marine coatings designed to reduce the environmental impact of synthetic polymeric materials used in antifouling paints on ships and offshore structures. The project risk assesses and compares the persistence and hazards of microplastic, nanoplastic, and chemical emissions resulting from the degradation of conventional and novel polymeric coatings.
 
Key Innovations:
1. Development of novel degradable polymers for marine coatings that are benchmarked against conventional alternatives.
2. Creation of a safe and sustainable-by-design testing platform for marine coatings, focusing on key environmental performance indicators.
 
Technical Work Packages:
1. Synthesize and test candidate polymer binders, incorporating degradable functionalities to minimize environmental impact.
2. Develop methodologies to characterise and quantify microplastic, nanoplastic, and chemical degradation products released from coatings.
3. Investigate the degradation of novel hydrolysable polymer films under environmentally relevant conditions.
4. Assess the biodegradation potential of particles and chemicals released from novel polymer films and their impact on marine microbial activity and ecology.
5. Establish a framework for environmental risk assessment, comparing the ecotoxicity of novel polymers films to conventional ones.
6. Scale up testing and demonstrate the performance of novel polymers in antifouling coatings, ensuring they meet environmental and performance standards.
 
The PolyMarine project represents a significant step towards sustainable marine coatings, combining material science, chemistry, microbiology and ecotoxicology to address the complex environmental challenges posed by conventional coatings. The project will enable Jotun to expand their portfolio with products that have reduced environmental impacts.

PolyMarine: Development of new generation polymers for marine coatings via an integrated safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) approach

For å nå Europas klimamål trenger vi trygge og pålitelige CO2 lagre og Nordsjøen har et enormt potensial. For å sikre at lagringen skjer på en trygg måte kreves det tett overvåking av områdene og under havbunnen. En av de største utfordringene er å skille mellom naturlige jordskjelv og små rystelser som kan oppstå når CO2 injiseres.
 
SAFE-C-prosjektet samler forskere, seismologiske institusjoner, og industripartnere fra hele Nordsjøregionen for å møte denne utfordringen. Ved å utvikle nye overvåkingsmetoder og harmonisere hvordan jordskjelvdata analyseres, vil prosjektet lage en offentlig tilgjengelig jordskjelvkatalog for hele Nordsjøen. Dette vil gi bedre kunnskap om naturlig seismisitet og gjøre det mulig å oppdage uvanlig aktivitet på en pålitelig måte.
 
SAFE-C skal også teste innovative og kostnadseffektive teknologier, som bruk av fiberoptiske kabler og nye typer seismometre, for å forbedre overvåkingen til havs der dagens nettverk er utilstrekkelig. I tillegg skal prosjektet utforske avanserte metoder som bruker naturlige bakgrunnsvibrasjoner i jorden til å følge endringer i undergrunnen – og dermed gi tidlige varsler om CO2-bevegelser eller mulige lekkasjer.
 
Utover teknologi vil SAFE-C etablere tydelige prosedyrer for hvordan institusjoner, operatører og myndigheter kan dele informasjon og håndterer betydelige seismiske hendelser. Åpen kommunikasjon og transparente data er avgjørende for å bygge tillit i samfunnet.
 
Ved å kombinere banebrytende vitenskap med sterk grenseoverskridende samarbeid, bidrar SAFE-C til å sikre at CO2-lagring i Nordsjøen er trygg, effektiv og har tillit i befolkningen – og dermed akselererer Europas vei mot netto nullutslipp.

SAFE-C aims to improve the understanding of background seismicity in the North Sea area as
well as to enhance local monitoring of CO2 storages employing passive, environmentally friendly
and cost-effective sensor networks. Additionally, the project strives for a harmonised data
processing among seismological agencies of North Sea bordering countries to build an openly
available, improved North Sea earthquake catalogue. This coordination aids disseminating
crucial seismic information to CCS stakeholders in the event of significant earthquakes near
critical infrastructure. For specific areas of interest, novel monitoring technologies and strategies
will be explored, bridging monitoring gaps. The feasibility of using noise interferometry to detect
changes in reservoir structure and CO2 leakage will be explored. Procedural recommendations for future
interfaces between seismic data providers, operators, and authorities will be provided. Thereby,
SAFE-C supports the development and implementation of CCS technologies offshore in the
industrial and energy sector, accelerating the time to market. In addition to technological
solutions, we address social and economic implications.

CETP - Safeguarding CO2 storages in the greater North Sea region through advanced monitoring

Akvakultur næringen har vokst jevnt I Middelhavsområdet de siste årene, spesielt for artene seabream og seabass som utgjør ca 25 % av verdien Europeisk akvakultur produksjon. Bærekraftig akvakultur er en viktig del av Europeiske strategier, som framhever både miljøvennlig forvaltning og økonomisk velstand. Det meste av akvakultur produksjon foregår i åpne systemer, noe som medfører eksponering for patogene som kan forårsake sykdom. Dette utgjør en risiko både for fiskevelferden og for økonomien i næringen. I denne sammenhengen er tidlig deteksjon av sykdom veldig viktig. Metodene brukt for tidlig deteksjon av sykdom er under utvikling og er blitt mer avanserte i form av spesifisitet, sensitivitet og hurtighet sammenlignet med tidligere tradisjonelle metoder. En begrensning for metodene ligger i mangelen på robuste databaser for identifikasjon og sammenligning av patogene. Videre så kan også egenskapene til patogene endre seg, for eksempel i forhold til resistens mot antibiotika og dermed utgjøre ny risiko for fiskevelferd og økonomisk bærekraft. Utvikling av immun-stimulerende løsninger for å kontrollere sykdom er sentralt for fiskevelferd, og forskning og utvikling for å finne nye løsninger for diagnostikk og vaksine-lignende løsninger er sentralt for oppnå mål om framtidige bærekraftige mat systemer. Målet med AquaMed prosjektet er å øke kunnskapen om patogene som påvirker akvakultur med seabream og seabass ved å utvikle hurtige og pålitelige diagnostiske verktøy basert på avanserte metoder. I tillegg er det et mål å utvikle vaksine-lignende løsninger ved å innkapsle og formulere immunstimulerende komponenter. Dette er en lovende og innovativ tilnærming til å sikre bærekraft og bedre sykdomskontroll og fiskevelferd innen akvakultur.

Aquaculture has grown steadily in the Mediterranean in recent decades, particularly for Sparus aurata (Gilthead seabream) and Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass), which represent 25% of European aquaculture production value. Sustainable aquaculture is a vital component of the Farm-to-Fork strategy, promoting both environmental stewardship and economic prosperity. However, most fish production is conducted in open cages, which inevitably leads to exposure to pathogens, representing a considerable and growing risk for the industry. Therefore, the early detection of diseases is of utmost importance. While recent advances in early detection tools have seen a shift from traditional methods to molecular and probe-based diagnostics - enhancing the specificity, sensitivity, and speed of pathogen identification - they are still insufficient to prevent major production losses, and their application is fairly limited due to the lack of robust databases to support them. Moreover, emerging pathogens and/or changes in the antimicrobial resistance profiles of pathogens pose a considerable threat to aquaculture, impacting both the health of aquatic species and economic sustainability of farms. Further, the development of effective immune-boosting solutions to prevent and control disease is paramount for fish welfare. Continued research and development of new diagnostic technologies and vaccine-like solutions are essential to achieve the EU goal of accelerating the transition to a sustainable food system. The Norwegian partner (SINTEF) will be responsible for four tasks in three different work packages of the project, contributing to fulfill the project goals.

Unravelling Mediterranean Aquaculture Pathogens: Advancing Diagnostic and Vaccine-like Solutions

Bedrifter tar i bruk ulike teknologier for å redusere karbonutslipp, og karbonfangst, transport og lagring (CCS) er en av de alternative løsningene. CCS er spesielt viktig for å minske utslipp fra varme- og elektrisitetsproduksjon, samt fra sektorer som er vanskelige å gjøre utslippsfrie som raffinerier, stål-, jern-, sement- og kjemisk industri, som står for ca. 70 % av globale industrielle utslipp. Uten CCS kan det bli umulig å nå netto nullutslipp.
Dette reiser flere spørsmål: 
• Hva om flere industrielle aktører tar i bruk CCS i stor skala, og flere lagringssteder for CO2 blir tilgjengelige? 
• Hva er den mest effektive måten å transportere store mengder CO2 fra utslippskilder til lagringssteder? 
• Hvordan vil fremtidens internasjonale maritime transportinfrastruktur se ut? 
• Hvilke havneanlegg og utstyr vil være nødvendige for sikker håndtering av grenseoverskridende CO2-volumer?
Transport av CO2 mellom land forutsetter koordinerte regelverk og investeringer i utstyr, terminaler og skip fra både utslipper og infrastrukturleverandører.
LogiCCS-prosjektet skal utforske scenarier for hvordan bedrifter i Norden og Østersjøregionen kan fange, transportere og permanent lagre CO2-utslipp kostnadseffektivt og bærekraftig. Prosjektet vurderer også lagringsalternativer og design av CO2-frakteskip.
LogiCCS involverer 15 forsknings- og industripartnere fra Sverige, Norge, Danmark og Latvia, med søkelys på regelverk, maritim infrastruktur, geologisk lagringskapasitet, skipsdesign og miljøstudier. Logistikkdelen utvikler et beslutningsstøtteverktøy for optimal transport av CO2 fra utslippskilder til lagringssteder, adresserer logistikkens kompleksitet og usikkerhet knyttet til karbonprising og regelverk gjennom scenarioanalyser.

Objective 1 - Improving cost-efficiency of maritime infrastructure for CCS:
- Minimizing logistics costs and emissions by identification of feasible storage opportunities in neighbouring countries to the BSR.
- Generation of cooperation scenarios across countries to ensure resilience of the value chain.
?Suggest examples on the future fleet capacity and mix for transport of LCO2.

Objective 2 - Optimising Ship Design, Strategic Fleet Composition and Routing for LCO2 Transport:
?Establish guidelines for ship design for transportation of LCO2.
?Providing recommendations for design specifications of LCO2 tankers to operate within this logistics system, aiming for a cost-efficient fleet of ships transiting to close to zero emissions.
?Identifying technical challenges in the design of LCO2 tankers and intermediate storage to foster innovation within Northern ship industry.
Objective 3 - Building flexible but comprehensive sustainability assessment framework towards climate neutral, cost-effective, and socially acceptable maritime infrastructure for CCS:
?The project will perform in-depth environmental and climate impacts reduction potential analysis via life cycle screening procedure within the “gate to gate” (captured CO2 to injected CO2) boundaries.
?Through the combined stakeholders’ surveys and social hotspot analysis to evaluate social impacts and risks associated with CO2 transportation and storage in the Nordic-Baltic region.
?Contributing to a sustainable value chain of CO2 transportation and storage.
Objective 4 - Identify main regulatory barriers for maritime infrastructure for CCS and suggest solutions:
?Identify the regulatory barriers and opportunities with regards to CCS deployment in various scenarios. Assess domestic regulatory requirements (Latvia, Norway, Denmark and Sweden) for CCS infrastructure and development timelines.

Oceans and coastal areas

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MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Impacts of ocean oxygen loss on zooplankton behavior and the carbon cycle

Awarded: NOK 3.1 mill.

Project Period: 2026-2028

Location: Oslo - Oslove

MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Ecological repercussions of future changes of marine climate extremes at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic

Awarded: NOK 3.1 mill.

Project Period: 2026-2028

Location: Vestland

MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Using echoSOUNDer data from fishing vessels to TRACK ecosystem impacts of the krill fishery

Awarded: Hidden

Project Period: 2026-2029

Location: Vestland

MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Autonomous Sampling with Robotics in the Wild for Nature Conservation

Awarded: Hidden

Project Period: 2026-2029

Location: Akershus

SYSTEMET-INT-SYSTEMET-INT

Fate and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Precursors and Alternatives in Norwegian Marine Environments and Seafood Species

Awarded: NOK 0.23 mill.

Project Period: 2025-2026

Location: Vestland